Sound and "Ethical" Fury Against Human Cloning Signifying Nothing

I reported on the media falling for the latest, "I can clone a baby," publicity stunt yesterday. Now "the scientists" are weighing in an sputtering outrage. As usual, their "ethical" opposition to human cloning is much less than it seems.
First, it was the cry to "peer review." From the story:
Alastair Kent, director of the Genetic Interest Group, a charity dedicated to helping families affected with inherited disorders, said that Dr Zavos claimed to have mastered a technology that other scientists had been struggling with for years. "Once again he claims to have used it for purposes widely condemned as unsafe and dangerous. And he has done this in secret, using the hopes of couples desperate to create or to recreate a child as a springboard for his vaulting ambition," he said.But the real objection is safety:
"For his claims to have credibility, and to prevent the unethical exploitation of grieving or desperate couples Dr Zavos must throw open his work to peer review. He must demonstrate openness and allow scrutiny by experts, not just by the media. If he is as good as he claims then he has nothing to fear. If he is not, then vulnerable women and couples need protection from his activities," Dr Kent said.Note that this is not the same thing as stating that cloning is wrong. This next quote is more of the same:
Professor Azim Surani of the University of Cambridge said that Dr Zavos had breached the taboo on creating human clones with the intention of transferring them into the wombs of women in order to achieve a pregnancy – a procedure that is a criminal offence in Britain.And once again:
"This affair shows a complete lack of responsibility. If true, Zavos has again failed to observe the universally-accepted ban on human cloning, which was agreed because most of the resulting embryos from such animal experiments are abnormal," Professor Surani said.
"This is yet another episode designed to gain maximum publicity without performing rigorous animal experiments or presenting it for peer review in a scientific journal. He has the opportunity to do this for his claim on making animal-human hybrid embryos in culture," he said.
"The interesting thing here is that for the first time these cloning attempts appear to have been documented," said Professor Wolf Reik, an expert in reproductive biology at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, yesterday.Here's the thing: From what I can tell, most scientists and bioethicists don't think reproductive cloning is inherently wrong at all. Heck, Ian Wilmut the administrator of the team that cloned Dolly has said it should be done in some circumstances. Thus, when we hear supposed outrage from "the scientists" about reproductive cloning, it is a lot of sound and fury signifying nothing.
"We have no reason to think that human cloning will not work--it works in primates--but it may take many, many attempts.
"But to say it is substantially safer now, with new technical developments, is nonsense; the available techniques are still very inefficient, and the great majority of embryos die in utero, or are born with abnormalities. This is why, in my opinion, it remains problematical for it to be carried out on humans," Professor Reik added.
In the next post, I will share from my book Consumer's Guide to a Brave New World, what it would take to make human reproductive cloning "safe." You guessed it, lots and lots of human cloning!
Labels: Human Cloning. Safety Concerns. Utilitarianism. Ethics.


10 Comments:
How long, O Lord? How long?
Psalms 74:10 O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy blaspheme thy name for ever?
Leslie -
Amen.
Wesley -
Am I the only person who got slapped by this?
'Alastair Kent...said that Dr Zavos claimed to have mastered a technology that other scientists had been struggling with for years. "... And he has done this in secret, using the hopes of couples desperate to create or TO RECREATE a child ..."
To *REcreate* a child. Um, excuse me... heh, question: How do you REcreate a child?
The human mind is totally unique to each human individual. Likewise with animals, though some animals may display behavior that's strikingly similar to the parent animal's behavior, such as in the case of a cloned bull that was raised at Texas A&M. That doesn't mean that the bull was the same animal as its parent.
Now, how the heck can you REcreate a human baby if that child has already died? Yes, you can create a new baby from the dead one's genetic material, I suppose, but what makes this second baby a "recreation?"
Bloody hell, thinking about it, how many people out there have lost children that would want to have a chance to have their baby back, and would have genetic material stored from their departed loved one in hopes of re-birthing the same child?
Here's a scary thought: Suppose Mom and Dad have a daughter who they discover has Cystic Fibrosis. Daughter is in very bad health and will need expensive care for the rest of her life, and her disease means her life might be shortened. Now, they could probably pay for expensive gene therapies and so forth, but what happens if they decide, "We can take some of her genetic material and have a clone of her that's created without her genetic predisposition toward CF?"
(I don't claim to know the details of how CF works genetically, so if I'm wrong, just... go with it for now, and correct me later.)
So they have a bunch of clones of their daughter made, and one of those clones is safe from CF. They kill the other embryos off,, kill the living daughter, and implant the healthy clone. The clone lives and grows up and they have the "joy" of watching their precious daughter be born "all over again."
I don't feel this is a tangent. I think it's another aspect of the morality of cloning that you're discussing. I'm just appalled that anyone can *think* of this! And the comment was so blase in his quote... good heavens!
The Raelians play that hoax too, that if a child has died he or she can be returned via cloning. But I didn't want to get distracted from the main point.
That stuff is all in my book Consumer's Guide to a Brave New World.
Consumer's Guide is not very old, but so much has happened since then that I wish it were updated for 2010.
Right after I update Culture of Death. So much....
Assuming we ever develop a cloning technique without all the physical defects or other issues in current technology, (and leaving aside the whole really creepy issue of tinkering with the human germ line -- or even why it's necessary) I can think of dozens of ethical drawbacks:
1. What would be the legal status of the clone? Would s/he be property, deprived of human rights? Created as a slave class as a source for body parts (see the movie, The Island; or the number of news articles about babies being conceived as bone marrow donors for sick siblings).
2. Who are legally the parents? Who makes decisions for them until they reach maturity? Are we making them wards of the state? When scientists can create human beings without a surrogate mother, are they property?
3. Aren't they going to be created for vanity or ego's sake? All parents hope their children will be smart, talented, attractive. (See the movie, Gattaca). Doctors routinely pressure pregnant women whose unborn baby *might* have Down Syndrome to abort. We already discard "defective" embryos created for IVF because they carry the cancer gene, or because they're female, or because (fill in the blank).
Sorry, I don't believe in the good motives of Dr. Z. History has plenty of examples of those who attempted to manipulate genetics for their own purposes. What could possibly make you think there won’t similar abuses?
If people really think we human beings have changed and that such power will be used only within moral and ethical guidelines, with good intent and that no one, ever, would do it for their own personal gain -- well, I have a bridge to sell you.
Thus, when we hear supposed outrage from "the scientists" about reproductive cloning, it is a lot of sound and fury signifying nothing.True, but we still need it and can still use it to push Congress to enact a ban on cloning. It is a shame to have them say in such a strong and united voice that cloning is unethical and not get anything out of it.
What would be good wording for a ban on cloning? Surely you've thought about it. It has to also ban modified cloning as well, not just strict exact cloning, or it would be too easy to get around it by "improving" the DNA somehow so it is not a clone. It would be good if it prohibited creating the embryo, but if that holds up getting any ban, it is not worth it, because the longer we go without a ban, the more confused everyone becomes. I think it should prohibit creating a living person anyway besides joining a man's unmodified sperm and a woman's unmodified egg, and define person as an embryo with a heartbeat, which happens at just a couple weeks, I think. And also prohibit artificial wombs, defined as anything designed to bring an embryo to life and gestate it for any period of time.
What is your proposed legislation, and don't you think we'll need the cooperation of scientists in achieving it? We should be grateful these scientists are speaking so clearly about cloning be unethical.
There will be no taboo on reproductive cloning once it becomes possible. None. When the first cloned babies are born, all of these supposed "ethical" objections will vanish like smoke. Just a wave of breathless articles in the press swooning over the scientific advance and all the wonderful eugenic possibilities.
To me, it's always been strange that ESC research, which involves the mass destruction of human embryos, was hunky-dory while reproductive cloning, which at least attempts to bring some of the embryos to term, was verboten.
SparkVark: You nailed it. The stem cell issue was always (partly) about getting people to accept the principle of using human life instrumentally and getting us to accept cloning. After that, it is just one step after another. Frankly, I don't think there are any limits on what some of these scientists--boosted by bioethicists--will do.
We shouldn't allow any cloned embryos to be brought to life. That's worse than freezing them and worse than flushing them. You guys are advocating bringing cloned and GE'd embryos to life and of course we will have to celebrate their birth and advocate that it be done safely if that is the case. And are you even advocating for a law to stop creating cloned embryos? I haven't seen it. I'd like to see the proposed law, to make sure it doesn't only ban SCNT and leave a loophole for creating GE'd embryos that are not clones, or creating people using iPSC (clones or not).
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