Friday, March 20, 2009

Hubris and "Endarkenment" in Science Editorial














As someone once accused by bioethicist Alta Charo of promoting an "Endarkenment" because of my views on ESCR--at least she did it to my face--I have to say that a recent Science editorial extolling President Obama's stem cell speech, demonstrates the very unenlightened approach it accuses former President Bush of pursuing. Oozing the hubris we have come to expect from the politicized science sector, and referencing Bush's late ESCR funding policy, the editorial (no link) states:

The authors of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States were children of the Enlightenment. They understood the power that flows from combining human reason with empirical knowledge, and they assumed that the political system they were creating would thrive only in a culture that upheld the values of the Enlightenment...

Recently, however, the precepts of the Enlightenment were ignored and even disdained with respect to the manner in which science was used in the nation's governance. Dogma took precedence over evidence, and opinion over facts. Happily, as was made clear by two policy announcements by President Barack Obama on 9 March 2009, the break in the traditionally harmonious relationship between science and government is now ending.
What garbage. President Bush's ESCR policy was long on facts and long on ethics. He acknowledged that an embryo is a human being. That's basic biology. He stated that because embryos are human beings, they should not be used as instrumentalities with government money. That is good ethics and it reflected existing federal law (Dickey Amendment)---indeed a law that President Obama just renewed with his signature. One can disagree with Bush's conclusion about how to best promote science within a proper ethical parameter. But he took an ethical position that specifically reflected "a combination of human reason with empirical analysis."

In fact, if any side of this debate has been anti-science, it has been the pro ESCR side. Anti science is redefining basic biological terms for a political purpose, as in the trope that an embryo that was not yet implanted, sometimes called the "pre embryo," is not a human life. None other than Princeton biologist Lee Silver admitted this was being done by his side in his pro cloning and genetic engineering book Remaking Eden, page 39, as quoted in my Consumer's Guide to a Brave New World (my emphasis):
I'll let you in on a secret. The term pre-embryo has been embraced wholeheartedly...for reasons that are political, not scientific. The new term is used to provide the illusion that there is something profoundly different between what we nonmedical biologists still call a six-day old embryo [the blastocyst] and what we and everyone else call a sixteen-day old embryo [an embryo that has begun to develop differentiated tissues].

The term pre-embryo is useful in the political arena--where decisions are made about whether to allow early embryo (now called pre-embryo) for experimentation--as well as in the confines of a doctor's office, where it can be used to allay moral concerns that might be expressed by IVF patients. "Don't worry," a doctor might say, "it's only pre-embryos that we're manipulating and freezing. They won't turn into real human embryos until after we've put them back in your body."
That's corrupting science because it is explicitly intended to prevent rational debate by obfuscating the facts about the humanity of the early embryo in order to reach a predetermined "ethical" conclusion, not based on facts but a junk biology narrative.

Science's editorial continues:
The president has taken a large and inspiring step to restore the historically beneficial balance between science and government; we should all now offer to help with the enlightened effort just launched.
Translation: We now have a rubber stamp back in office that will allow us to do whatever we want and will sign a blank check to pay for it. Talk about an Endarkenment!

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18 Comments:

At March 20, 2009 , Blogger SAFEpres said...

hmmm..."endarkenment" interesting word, or non word. One could easily make fun of her English, to indicate that she has reason deficiencies, if one were so inclined. By the way, there's a great book by Zygmut Bauman called "Modernity and the Holocaust" which draws a connection between Hitler's use of "reason" in creating a master race, using science, and argues that the Holocaust and other forms of scientifically imbibed genocide constitute the Dark Side of the Enlightenment. Thus, the Enlightenment shouldn't be mistaken as constituting an unsullied period of achievement in man's history-it has a dark side just like any other historical period.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Bjorn said...

This comment has been removed by the author.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Bjorn said...

Related:

Dr Gupta asked Clinton, "as someone who studied this", about the future of human embryonic stem cell research. Mr Clinton’s response suggested that he hadn’t burned the midnight oil over his embryology texts: "I believe the American people believe it's a pro-life decision to use an [IVF] embryo that's frozen and never going to be fertilized for embryonic stem cell research".

Of course, by definition, an embryo has already been fertilised, so this clamoured for clarification. But Clinton repeated the error several times in the course of the interview and was never corrected by Dr Gupta.
http://www.bioedge.org/index.php/bioethics/bioethics_article/8528/

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Bjorn said...

Incidentally, it looks like the Dickey Ammendment Wikipedia entry is in need of an update.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Unknown said...

It is intellectually dishonest NOT to provide the link to the article so readers and participants of this blog may read it for themselves and apply their own analysis and thoughts. Therefore, I will do this:
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/323/5921/1538.pdf

I encourage readers to digest this editorial in "Science". (although it's a rather bland editorial without much substance)

This editorial dealt primarily, and ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY, with the Memorandum on Scientific Integrity - which does NOT deal with ESCs. This editorial ONLY makes BRIEF MENTION of the Obama stem cell decision/announcement, but DOES NOT comment on the implications. This editorial does deal mainly with the implications of said memo for policy and, for example, briefly mentions areas such as environmental protection, public health, and climate change - with respect to the Obama memo there is NO COMMENT in this editorial on ESCs.

Furthermore, it is in the nature of science to have definitions changed as more data and new information becomes available. This is why Pluto is no longer considered a planet but many physicists/astronomers.

This is also why many biologists see a zygote, some embryos and/or fertilized eggs as cellular life and not organismal life. If cellular life is held sacred or on par with animal/human organismal life, you might not consume beer, some cheeses, or wine anymore and just about all biological science would cease as E. coli, yeast, C. elegans, etc are widely used in research and "killed" en masse, as killing higher animals en masse for research is unethical (and unnecessary).

It is a fair question to ask if scientists have changed their definitions to fit a selected agenda. Or, if their definitions have been formulated to suit a particular agenda.

It is not honest or correct to try and raise the specter of a biological consensus among scientists that a zygote/blastocyte/embryo/fertilized egg is "human life". A few such scientists would say so, many would not.

I fear there is twisting and distorting the truth occuring here.

Please read the science editorial and come to your own conclusions on the merits of the editorial.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Dark Swan said...

"President Bush's ESCR policy was long on facts and long on ethics. He acknowledged that an embryo is a human being. " - Wesley


Where?

When?

I think this is intentional deception on your behalf Wesley. Excuse me if I'm wrong.

Bush said embryos have the potential to be human beings, DUHH...so do IPs. So do sperm and egg in a petri dish. Bush never said they were worthy of being called a person as far as I can find, but you dig more for this stuff than I do.

So where did his statement originate?

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Wesley J. Smith said...

Dark Swan: Here's one I quoted within the last two weeks:

From his 07 order requiring funding of pluripotent stem cells alternatives funding.

"human embryos and fetuses, as living members of the human species, are not raw materials to be exploited or commodities to be bought and sold;"

Which was the reason some said he "had" to rescind the EO.

Apologize.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Wesley J. Smith said...

Dana: Before you go casting aspersions, check your facts. That link only works if you have a subscription.

If I can link an article I write about, I always do. In this case, unless you have a different link then the one you provided, I can't.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Wesley J. Smith said...

Also Dana, those definitions weren't changed due to new scientific knowledge, but as Silver wrote, for non scientific reasons to pave the way for actions that might otherwise face ethical constraints. Indeed, most embryology text books continue to have the accurate biology.

Not all scientists play that game, but too many do. That is where the real corruption of science lies.

The cell I destory when I brush my teeth is mere cellular life. A zygote is an organism, that given the proper environment, will develop and grow until birth. Mere cellular life can divide and replicate, but it can't develop and grow as embryos do.

You should listen to Silver. He's on your side, but he's candid.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Unknown said...

"that link only works if you have a subscription"

Not true, an institution or library can have a subscription (that doesn't mean that all do), as well as individuals. I'm not casting aspersions. You did not provide a potential link. I did. This is not slander, it's the truth and a fact. Just because one cannot connect to an article from one IP doesn't mean the link is invalid or one can't 'cut and paste' said link into a browser from an IP that has membership access. Now, for the record, I define "link" as an accurate world wide web address one may be able to access through the internet.

The lack of clear citation direction to the editorial coupled with the inaccurate speculation in the article leads to the suggestion that perhaps a lack of transparency was an intended goal. But this is just speculation.

Not even the authors, issue, volume, or date of the "Science" issue editorial in question was given. As "Science" is basically/nearly published weekly (about 50 issues per year), and has been around in some form for over 100 years, I contend that a "recent issue" is rather vague.

Additionally, one may be granted access to "Science" through guest membership or other 'promotionals', such as free issues (I believe one can currently get the Dec 19, 2008 issue for free with a sample membership, for example).

Therefore, the accusation that I am casting aspersions and do not check my facts doesn't hold water and is inaccurate. I am not aware of errors in my post yet I contend (as per my post) that I have found errors that I believe needed correcting.

I still encourage readers to access the editorial by Gottfried and Varmus for themselves:

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/323/5921/1538

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Wesley J. Smith said...

Your speculation is wrong. I didn't include the link because it leads to a subscription page.

I should have included the citation. I usually do. But I was leaving to take my wife to the dentist and rushed the posting.

Thanks for providing the missing info.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Unknown said...

Actually, I'm somewhat familiar with Silver's work ("Challenging Nature" among the most recent encounter I had with his work). I do think his research, maybe, has fallen off (ie, not as prolific) a little in recent years, perhaps due to his interest in policy and public awareness (for lack of better terms) of science. As for research science, I believe he is looking at the role of T-box2 in heart development.

I liken his approach in policy to that of Richard Dawkins, and I am not a huge fan of either. My agreement with them is probably in the range of 60/40 to 75/25. I am curious to skeptical of the approaches and goals of both, though.

I would NOT say that I am on Silver's side, entirely.

I have come across a few accounts of scientists actively changing their definition of life to fit an agenda, so it appears to me. On the other hand, I have encountered others who have always had strict (I would say restricting) definitions of life. I will be up front and say this will have to be left at this anecdotal level.

I would refer to the biology textbooks of Cooper, Alberts, Campbell, Metzler, VV&P, etc. No such concrete definition of life is given, one way or another. Additionally, I am only aware of one embryology textbook that has indicated a zygote constitutes human life. I believe it is the book by Prentice, then at Indiana State. But I am REALLY digging the decade old cobwebs to pull that one out, so I do not stand behind that statement, and if that is mistaken, I in no way am disparaging Prentice and acknowledge in advance my shortcoming. If I recall (wow the cobwebs), Prentice moved from academia to policy and his political/policy affiliations, while maybe not establishing an agenda, would lead someone like me to view his work with, what I like to call, healthy skepticism. One statement in one textbook doesn't make something true, however. Additionally, I would not look to the AMA for a definition on life, as their training centers on a professional practice rather than a scientific inquiry.

As for mere cellular life consisting of the ability to divide and replicate but not develop this is not universally true. Planarians, totipotent plant cells, danshen, etc. I will go further by stating that this cellular life can not only divide and replicate and develop but it can also undergo special differentiation. The implication being that even this line between cellular and organismal life is blurred. That's just one hurdle in the public sphere. THEN there is the hurdle of 'well, the embryos are gonna be destroyed anyways' and then the hurdle of 'sacrifice for the greater good' and then the hurdle of 'they can't feel pain, they have no sentient consciousness', etc and so on.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Wesley J. Smith said...

Dana: You should get out more. I am going to post on this.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger SAFEpres said...

Dana-if I wanted to talk about a piece in the Journal of the American Musicological Society on my website for SAFE, I could do that, but it would be impossible to post a link to the story because one must have a subscription. Moreover, you are being misleading in characterizing the editorial that Wesley is referencing. The editorial need not be focusing on
ESCR to mention it in a way that warrants discussion on this blog.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger Unknown said...

Endarkenment perfectly describes the death culture.

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger T E Fine said...

Dana -

Y'know, I love how people like to make a sin out of something that's practically a non-issue. Most of us can't access that link you thoughtfully provided. Since I live in Houston, or more correctly out in the suburbs north of Houston, and since this part of Texas has the worst so-called public transportation system anywhere, and I'm broke so I'm not going to waste my gas driving downtown, it's not really likely that I'm going to get downtown to the U library to follow that link. And my little local library can't even stock most of Stephen King's books, nevermind getting a subscription to "Science" that the teeny-boppers aren't going to use anyway, since they're trying slyly to find porn and cussing when they can't access it.

(The things you learn when you volunteer for a weekend...)

Wesley didn't post the proper citations, agreed, but why is the whole "link" thing such a friggin' big deal?

Speaking as someone who was begged repeatedly by the Engineers and Business Majors to please please please write their English papers for them (and people say English Lit majors have no purpose in life! I made *good* money during my college years, off my classmates...), even listing website addresses to respectable publications online was frowned on by the English College Administration, because of the fluidity of the web, frequent website overhauls that would leave broken links, and limited access availability that meant some profs had to ride around in circles to check the sources cited. Had one prof that would simply count off as a non-cited source if anyone used web information. If we wanted to use something we saw on a website, we had to find a hard copy version and cite from *that.*

I'm not saying you're wrong to be concerned about proper citation, but come on. A website link isn't as valuable as most people assume. I'd have made more of a comment about the actual citation, rather than the fact that Wesley didn't post a link.

"It is intellectually dishonest NOT to provide the link to the article so readers and participants of this blog may read it for themselves and apply their own analysis and thoughts."

Very emotionally loaded. Automatic assumption of dishonesty, negative tone, persuasive via emotion rather than fact. Altered to neutral statement, sans hyper-emotionalism:

"The following is a link to the actual article, which I encourage all your readers to view for themselves before making any judgements about it."

Granted, your job is to get people emotionally riled up. Same thing with Wesley. Stepping back from the argument and looking at the issue in an unemotional manner, you're pissed he didn't provide a link, not because you think that he's being dishonest, but because if you come off negative, then your expectation is that the readers of the actual article will be more suspicious of Wesley's opinion and read it with eyes that are colored the other way.

It's your job, it's propaganda, it's all good. I just like tweaking you because every once in a while I like to remind people that emotionalism isn't really at the heart of the matter, and that *all* emoting should be suspect.

Like, I totally disagree with Wesley about first-cousin marriages: I say they're perfectly fine, he says they're a type of incest and a sign of the coup de culture. He and Ianthe both have made impassioned statements explaining why they disagree with me. I like to tweak them from time to time about it because their emotionalism sometimes does sway me, but then I go back and re-read what I know about cousin-marriage from anthropology and find myself unswayed.

So I'm not picking on you because your ideology doesn't match mine. But I do think you're yelping about the silly part and should have focused on a logical argument against Wesley's take, rather than nit-picking about him GASP! not providing a link that about 85% of us aren't going to be able to use anyway.

Love and kisses all to pieces
Tabs

 
At March 20, 2009 , Blogger SAFEpres said...

Ditto, Tabs. :)

 
At March 22, 2009 , Blogger Unknown said...

Links annoy me. Among other things, I don't know how to use them and how to go to the places they're talking about. All those long strings of letters, slashes, stuff -- can be mystifying to someone with Luddite tendencies.

Tabs: What sways you in those lines of reasoning isn't emotion, it's sheer logic. Logic does have a way of evoking an emotional response and touching off emotion, because real logic and emotion both arrive at the same conclusion. But just because logical argument seems impassioned doesn't mean that it's not reasoned; in fact, argument cannot be impassioned unless it is logical. Still, I'm mystified by logic being called emotion or emotional.

 

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